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World Alzheimer's Day — Understand, detect and act

Every September 21st, World Alzheimer's Day draws attention to a disease that affects millions of families worldwide. The World Health Organization estimates that more than 55 million people are currently living with some form of dementia, a figure that could almost triple by 2050. In Switzerland, approximately 144,000 people are affected, and nearly 10,000 new cases are diagnosed each year. These figures reflect a major public health reality: the importance of recognizing the signs of the disease early and providing appropriate support, both medical and social.

What is Alzheimer's disease?

Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for up to 80% of cases. It is characterized by a progressive decline in memory, language, reasoning, and behavior. Far from being a simple case of brain aging, it is a complex pathology. In the brain, abnormal proteins accumulate: beta-amyloid plaques on the outside of neurons and tau protein filaments inside the cells. These deposits disrupt neuronal communication, trigger inflammation, and lead to the progressive destruction of brain cells. It is this silent biological cascade that, over the years, results in visible cognitive impairments.

At first, the symptoms are subtle: forgotten words, missed appointments, temporary disorientation. Signs easily attributed to stress or age. Yet, when they become recurrent, they can signal the early stages of the disease. It is precisely at this point that early diagnosis can change the course of treatment.

Issues for patients and their families

Receiving an Alzheimer's diagnosis is a shock, but it's also the first step toward taking action. Knowing early allows you to adapt your daily life, anticipate needs, actively participate in decisions, and establish a support network. For loved ones, understanding the disease is essential to better provide support and reduce the feeling of isolation often experienced when facing challenges.

In Switzerland, medical guidelines emphasize the importance of early detection. The Federal Office of Public Health reiterates that access to diagnosis and counseling must be facilitated. Alzheimer Switzerland advocates for greater public awareness and strengthened care structures. Primary care physicians, neurologists, and specialized centers like the CID Lausanne all play a central role in this process.

The epidemiological dimension

Globally, dementia poses a major challenge to healthcare systems. In Switzerland, the 144,000 people affected generate costs of several billion francs annually, including medical care, institutional support, and family assistance. The time between the first symptoms and diagnosis often ranges from one to two years, delaying the implementation of appropriate care. Reducing this delay is a priority public health objective.

The role of imaging in diagnosis

Brain MRI is now an essential examination in the evaluation of cognitive disorders. It allows doctors to rule out other causes such as stroke, tumors, or hydrocephalus. But it is also capable of detecting the first signs of hippocampal atrophy, a key region for memory, as well as identifying subtle abnormalities that go undetected by clinical examination. Combined with other techniques such as PET scans, imaging provides a detailed map of brain alterations and contributes to a more precise diagnosis.

Technological advancements further enhance this precision. The 3 Tesla MRI scanner, used at the CID Lausanne, provides high-resolution images that allow for the detection of even the most subtle changes. Moreover, artificial intelligence paves the way for automated and standardized analysis, capable of quantifying atrophy or identifying predictive patterns of progression. These tools do not replace medical expertise, but they significantly enrich radiological interpretation.

The patient journey at CID Lausanne

At the CID Lausanne, patients receive personalized care and a dedicated protocol. After an initial consultation with their doctor, a specialized brain MRI is prescribed. The examination takes place in a reassuring and comfortable environment. The center's neuroradiologists then analyze the images in detail, using automated volumetric tools to measure the hippocampus and other brain structures. The precise and informative report is sent to the referring physician, who discusses it with the patient and their family. If necessary, a referral to a memory clinic or to Alzheimer Switzerland is offered.

A clinical example

Mrs. D., 68, a retired teacher, consulted a doctor for frequent forgetfulness and difficulty finding words. Her family attributed these symptoms to fatigue. An MRI performed at the CID showed moderate hippocampal atrophy and ruled out other causes. A diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment, likely the beginning of Alzheimer's disease, was made. Thanks to this early detection, treatment was initiated, neuropsychological monitoring was implemented, and the family received appropriate support. One year later, the patient was able to maintain a good quality of life and adapt calmly to changes.

Perspectives and innovations

The future of diagnostics hinges on the integration of new biomarkers, particularly blood tests that may soon allow for easier and earlier disease detection. The development of molecular imaging, such as tau PET, will provide even more specific information. Finally, artificial intelligence, by combining clinical data and imaging, paves the way for more personalized predictive medicine. These advances all share the same goal: to diagnose earlier, intervene more effectively, and preserve patient autonomy for longer.

Why choose CID Lausanne?

The CID Lausanne stands out for the quality of its technical facilities, the expertise of its neuroradiologists, and its patient-centered approach. The combination of cutting-edge technology, precise interpretation, and close collaboration with neurologists and specialized facilities ensures optimal care. The center is also committed to continuous innovation, progressively integrating artificial intelligence and the latest protocols.

Conclusion

World Alzheimer's Day reminds us that early intervention is crucial when dealing with cognitive decline. Early diagnosis is not a death sentence; on the contrary, it provides the tools to adapt, make informed decisions, and live a better life. The CID Lausanne is a key partner in this journey, offering high-precision imaging diagnostics and attentive, personalized support.

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